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December 3rd, 2024
Antidepressant Addiction
What are antidepressants?
Antidepressants are medications designed to balance certain chemicals in the brain, such as serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine, which play a vital role in regulating mood and emotions. While they are primarily prescribed to treat depression, their usage extends to various off-label conditions.
For example, In some cases, antidepressants are also used to manage eating disorders, insomnia, migraines and menopausal symptoms. Their versatility is due to the complex way they interact with brain chemistry, providing relief from both mental and physical symptoms.
However, individuals need to use them under medical observation to avoid risks like complications during withdrawal.
Are there different types of antidepressants?
There are several types of antidepressants, each working in its own way to help manage depression and other mental health conditions. These medications affect brain chemicals like serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine, which play key roles in regulating mood and emotions. Depending on how they work, antidepressants are used for different symptoms and conditions.
Below, we take a look at some of the antidepressants available for medical use today:
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
SSRIs help increase the amount of serotonin in the brain by stopping it from being reabsorbed too quickly. Since serotonin is linked to mood regulation, boosting its levels can help improve mood, sleep and anxiety. SSRIs are a popular choice for treating depression, anxiety disorders, OCD and PTSD.
Common examples include Citalopram, Fluoxetine (Prozac) and Sertraline.
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
SNRIs work by increasing the levels of both serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. These neurotransmitters help regulate mood and energy levels, making SNRIs a good option for treating depression and anxiety. They’re also sometimes used for chronic pain conditions like fibromyalgia.
Venlafaxine and Duloxetine are two commonly prescribed SNRIs.
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
TCAs are one of the older classes of antidepressants, and while they’re not used as frequently anymore, they can still be effective when other treatments haven’t worked. They affect serotonin and norepinephrine levels but can cause more side effects because they also impact other brain chemicals.
TCAs are sometimes used for depression, chronic pain and anxiety. Examples include Amitriptyline and Nortriptyline.
Are all antidepressants addictive?
Not all antidepressants are considered addictive in the way substances like opioids or benzodiazepines are. For example, antidepressants typically don’t cause cravings or compulsive use, which are hallmarks of addiction.
However, some people may develop a physical dependence on antidepressants, meaning that if they stop taking them suddenly, they could experience withdrawal symptoms. This is often referred to as Antidepressant Discontinuation Syndrome rather than addiction, but for the sake of clarity, on this page, we’ll refer to this as antidepressant addiction at times.
What is antidepressant discontinuation syndrome?
Antidepressant Discontinuation Syndrome is recognised in the DSM-V and occurs when a person abruptly stops or significantly reduces their antidepressant dosage after taking it continuously for at least one month.
Research shows that about 20% of patients experience this syndrome, with symptoms typically starting within two to four days of stopping the medication. These symptoms are usually mild and can include dizziness, irritability, and flu-like feelings. They can last one to two weeks, sometimes a few months or more in rare cases.
Antidepressants have likely been essential in helping you manage your mental health, but now you may be asking yourself a difficult question: “Am I dependent on them?” This can feel overwhelming, but knowing the signs of antidepressant addiction can help guide your next steps.
What are the signs of antidepressant addiction?
Antidepressants have likely been essential in helping you manage your mental health but now you may be asking yourself a difficult question: “Am I dependent on them?” This can feel overwhelming but knowing the signs of antidepressant addiction can help guide your next steps.
Psychological signs
Psychological antidepressant addiction may show up as an intense fear of stopping the medication, even when a healthcare provider has told you it’s safe. You might find yourself worrying about how you’ll handle daily life without the medication, leading to feelings of anxiety or even panic. Some people also become fixated on making sure they have enough of their antidepressants, continuing to take them even if they suspect the medication may no longer be necessary.
Physical signs
Although physical signs of antidepressant addiction may not be as obvious as with other substances, they do appear, especially when you stop taking the medication. You might notice withdrawal symptoms like dizziness, headaches, nausea, fatigue or flu-like symptoms.
In some cases, people experience more severe symptoms such as ‘brain zaps’ (a sensation of electrical shocks in the brain), extreme mood swings or a return of depressive symptoms, even when their original issues have improved. These withdrawal effects can make it hard to tell if your body is simply adjusting or if you’ve developed a dependency on the medication.
How is antidepressant addiction treated?
At Primrose Lodge, antidepressant addiction is treated through a comprehensive programme that offers full support as you work towards coming off the medication. The process starts with an initial assessment, where our professional team evaluates whether you’re ready to reduce or stop taking antidepressants safely.
If a detox is necessary, it will be done with careful monitoring to manage any withdrawal symptoms, ensuring that you remain as comfortable as possible throughout.
The core of our programme is therapy, which helps you maintain mental well-being and avoid slipping back into depressive thoughts. Through tailored therapy sessions, you’ll learn effective coping mechanisms, build emotional resilience and work through any unresolved issues that might affect your mental health going forward.
Aftercare is equally crucial, offering continued support as you adapt to life without antidepressants. Our aftercare service ensures you have a solid framework to protect your mental health long after leaving the programme. With a holistic approach, you’ll be well-prepared to face life’s challenges, making this transition a positive step towards a healthier, more balanced future.
What’s next?
If you’ve regained control of your life with the help of antidepressants, but now it’s time to step away from them, Primrose Lodge is here to guide you.
Our antidepressant Rehab programme isn’t like traditional drug rehab; it’s designed to ensure a safe, comfortable transition off medication, helping you avoid complications.
With a compassionate team by your side, you’ll have the support you need to start your new chapter confidently. Reach out today to see how we can help you feel great while moving forward without antidepressants.
Frequently Asked Questions
(Click here to see works cited)
- Bhat V, Kennedy SH. Recognition and management of antidepressant discontinuation syndrome. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2017 Jun;42(4):E7-E8. doi: 10.1503/jpn.170022. PMID: 28639936; PMCID: PMC5487275.
- Gabriel M, Sharma V. Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome. CMAJ. 2017 May 29;189(21):E747. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.160991. PMID: 28554948; PMCID: PMC5449237.
- “Stopping or Coming off Antidepressants.” NHS Choices, NHS, www.nhs.uk/mental-health/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments/medicines-and-psychiatry/stopping-or-coming-off-antidepressants/. Accessed 11 Sept. 2024.